STRUCTURE OF SHIPPING EXPORT CARGO
We discuss Forms of Shipping and Types of Ship.
FORMS OF SHIPPING
Different forms of shipping are needed, as the nature of commodities is different. Bulk cargo requires one kind of shipping to suit the homogeneous quality and attract cheaper freight charges. On the other hand, carriers, which provide regular and scheduled shipping services, suit general cargo as its nature • heterogeneous and their marketing requirements are different. The different forms of shipping are:
1. Liner Shipping
The liner shipping has the following features:
(i) Regularity: It operates on a regular route 'between fixed ports. The schedule of services are predetermined. The schedule does not change, irrespective of the availability of cargo. On account of commitment of regular services, they are ideally suitable and useful for small exporters. It carries small loads of many shippers. For easy understanding, they can be compared to local bus service in Bhopal. Just like local buses, these shipping lines stop on fixed routes. Local buses meet the requirements of general public; similarly these shipping lines cater the demands of the small exporters. They are highly useful to small exporters.
(ii) Fixed Tariff: They generally offer fixed and stable freight rates. Each shipper pays the freight in accordance with weight, volume or value of the cargo. The tariff rates are fixed in the market. So, exporters would be able to plan exports, taking the freight rates that are known and prevail fixed in market.
(iii) Designed to Carry Variety of Cargo: General cargo is in the form of bales, bundles, boxes, barrels, drums etc. The designs of the holds and number of decks are different from those of tramp to suit the varied nature of cargo. It carries even reefer (refrigerated) cargo. Share of containerized cargo is increasing due to its popularity. To suit the container requirements, the specially designed container ships are also increasing.
(iv) Sophisticated Equipment: The cargo handling equipment is expensive and sophisticated. The equipment ensures quick turnaround. A quick turnaround means that the ship spends the least possible time in loading and unloading in the port and more time in transit.
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